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القدر

Surah AL-QADR / The Power in English | Surah 97

AL-QADR · 5 verses

In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

1 Indeed, We sent the Qur'an down during the Night of Decree.

2 And what can make you know what is the Night of Decree?

3 The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.

4 The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter.

5 Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.

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Tafsir

Verse 1

Lo! We revealed it, that is, the Qur’ān, in its entirety, [sending it down] from the Preserved Tablet to the heaven of this world, on the Night of Ordainment, that is, [the Night] of great eminence.

Verse 2

And what will show you, [what] will make known to you, O Muhammad (s), what the Night of Ordainment is? — [intended] to emphasise its great status and to provoke marvel at it.

Verse 3

The Night of Ordainment is better than a thousand months, in which there is no Night of Ordainment, for a righteous deed on that Night is better than one [performed] for a thousand months without it.

Verse 4

The angels and the Spirit, namely, Gabriel, descend (tanazzalu: one of the two original tā’ letters [of tatanazzalu] has been omitted) in it, on that night, by the leave of their Lord, by His command, with every command, that God has decreed from that year to the following one (min is causative functioning as bi, ‘with’).

Verse 5

It is peaceful (salāmun hiya: a predicate preceding the subject) until the rising of the dawn (read matla‘ or matli‘), until the time it rises: it is peaceful because of the numerous salutations [of peace] (salām) spoken in it by the angels, who, every time they come across a believing man or believing woman, bid him peace.

About the surah AL-QADR / The Power

Surah Al Qadr, the 97th surah of the Quran, composed of five verses, is one of the shortest surahs but by no means the least in terms of teachings for Muslims, like all the Word of Allah. Indeed, with the revelation of the Quran as its theme, this surah addresses the believers, since its verses concern the virtues of the believers and the honour done to them by Allah during the Night of Al Qadr, even though it was revealed during the Meccan period.

Context of the revelation of Surah Al Qadr

The message of this surah addresses the believers. Allah, Glory and Purity to Him, speaks to the faithful Muslims through its verses, whereas it is revealed in a context where the local audience is disbelieving. Indeed, the Quraish of Mecca were rebelling more and more against the message carried by the Prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him, and never ceased to attack the Muslims, to deny the prophethood, to the point that it saddened the Prophet.

In this surah Allah, Purity to Him, consoles the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, by revealing to him the secret of the Night of Al Qadr, more commonly called the Night of Destiny, and by the same occasion the worth of the believers in the Eyes of the Almighty.

We also learn in the teachings of the exegetes that in the preceding surah, Al ‘Alaq, the Prophet was attacked by Abu Jahl, one of his uncles and a polytheist, and that Allah told him, in the last verse of that surah, not to be distracted (by the insults and the attacks) and to draw closer to Him.

No! Do not obey him; but prostrate yourself and draw closer. Verse 19 Surah 96 Al ‘Alaq

Allah, with this Surah Al Qadr, makes sure to let the Prophet, full of love and compassion for humanity, know that, in the face of the disbelievers, he will never be in a position of weakness. He reveals to him for this the secret, the honour done to the Muslims of the whole world during the Night of Al Qadr, so that he is not worried and that he continues to transmit his Message (the Quran).

Before seeing what this secret is, there is a strong link between these two surahs, Al ‘Alaq and Al Qadr, which it is good to raise. The last verse ends by saying to « draw closer to Allah », and the verse of the next surah gives us the means to do so : the Quran, which was revealed during the Night of Al Qadr.

A close relationship between Surah Al ‘Alaq and Surah Al Qadr

In Surah Al ‘Alaq Allah specifies that He is the One who holds Knowledge. He, to Him be the Majesty and the Glory, affirms through His Verses that He knows and that He informs man :

He reveals to the Prophet Mohamed to read : « Read in the Name of the One who created ». Then He reveals to him what He created : «  created man from a clinging clot ». Next He informs him with what He, the Most Noble, taught : « by the Pen (Al Qalam) ».

His Word uses affirmations.

In Surah Al Qadr, His address to the Prophet is made with a very important question.

And what will make you know what the Night of Al-Qadr is? Verse 2

With this formulation used for astonishment, as if to ask him « do you realise what the Night of Al Qadr is », He tells him that no one holds this Knowledge, this secret, except Him. Moreover, this formulation, employed several times in the Quran, is different in Surah Al Qadr.

Indeed, each time it is employed elsewhere to emphasise a word, that word is not taken up again in the following verse, which constitutes the answer.

« And what will make you know what the Hutamah is ? » Verse 5 Surah 104

« The kindled Fire of Allah » Verse 6 Surah 104

The Hutamah is not taken up again to answer.

Except for Laylatul Qadr. Allah takes a stylistic form specific to the Night of Al Qadr, so important is it, and it is the only time in the Quran where a word is taken up again in this way in the following verse when there is this question ( « and what will make you know… »).

Finally, in Surah Al ‘Alaq, Allah tells us to read. In that of Al Qadr, He reveals what to read : the Quran!

The night when the Quran was sent down

The first verse begins by speaking of the Quran without clearly naming it. Allah rather uses a pronoun to say that it was sent down. According to the commentators, the word Quran is not employed, as if to imply that the believers' love for the Quran is already there. The sentence has no need of clarifications. They know what Allah is speaking of, because the Quran has already entered their heart, whereas the disbelievers hate it and fight it.

The verbal form Anzalna, in Arabic, to say « to send down » implies that the Quran was sent down all at once, contrary to the verbal form nazzalna, which would have meant to send down in several times, repeatedly. Indeed, the verb is not chosen by chance. The exegetes agree in saying that it is during the Night of Destiny that the Quran was sent down from the 7th heaven to the first, in its entirety, and that from there the Quran was revealed through the intermediary of Djibril (the angel Gabriel), peace be upon him, to the Prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him, over 23 years.   

The Night of Al Qadr :  a hidden date and its benefits

While many commentators of tafsir and many among the Muslims wonder what the date of the Night of Destiny is, Al Aloosi mentions the beauty of certain details : the surah contains five verses and there are five opportunities (five probable dates) to find the Night of Destiny among the last ten days of the month of Ramadan.

Although many other opinions have been reported, the most prevalent opinion in the Muslim community would be that it is on the night of the 27th day of Ramadan. According to that of Ibn Abbas, using a method of calculating the letters composing the Arabic noun phrase « Laylatul Qadr » (the night of Destiny), the explanation would rest on the fact that there are 9 letters in this noun phrase (in Arabic) and that the latter appears 3 times in Surah Al Qadr (9×3 = 27).

Another exegete, basing himself on the same kinds of calculations, explains this prevalent opinion in the following manner. The surah contained 30 words (in Arabic) and the 27th is Hiya (it is).

The consensus, however, comes together in saying that the Night of Destiny is to be sought in the odd nights of the last ten nights of the month of Ramadan.

The beauty and the advantages of not knowing its precise date reside in the sincere search for this night through prayer and the reading of the Quran. Efforts are to be redoubled during the last nights.

Al Aloosi, for his part, mentions the mercies with regard to the fact of not knowing the exact date of the Night of Destiny as follows:

  • To avoid laziness
  • To avoid neglecting the other 29 days of Ramadan
  • A mercy from Allah

Al Furaishi wrote in the 4th century a commentary, precise and concise, of Surah Al Qadr. It is a magnificent night during which Allah decrees His Mercy for His intimate friends, the believers. According to him, the sincere worshippers realise during this night the worth (Qadr) that they have in the sight of Allah. (This will also be evoked in the vocabulary part of the word Qadr).

So what does the believer seek ? What does Allah promise him ?

Several secrets contained in one Night

The honour of an infinite reward

It is in the 3rd verse that we are told that the deed performed during the Night of Destiny, according to the tafsir, is better than that done during 1000 months. A thousand months is the equivalent of 83 years and four months. Far more than the life expectancy in the time of the Prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him.

Indeed, the Prophet was worried to see his community with a very short life. In his love and his compassion for the people of his Ummah, he feared that some might not have the time to repent or to worship Allah properly.

Allah answers him in His great Mercy that the worship of that night is far better than an entire lifetime, and even more so for that era, spent in worship. This night is not « like » a thousand months, but it is better!

An orthographic miracle

The 4th verse is the longest of the surah. It contains a discourse so precise that it is precise even in its spelling. When in English an abbreviation is used, this takes nothing away from the meaning of the word. Everyone recognises the complete word from its abbreviation.

 In Arabic, the meaning differs or rather is amplified.

The complete word to say « to descend » in Arabic is tatanazzalu. When one removes the syllable « ta » which seems to be extra, the meaning is lessened. Indeed, in Arabic, the more a word contains letters, the stronger the meaning or the context. 

In Surah 41 at verse 30, Allah says :

 Those who say: « Our Lord is Allah », and who hold to the straight path, the Angels descend upon them : « Have no fear and do not grieve; but rejoice in the good news of the Paradise which was promised to you.

In Arabic :

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَقَٰمُوا۟ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَبْشِرُوا۟ بِٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِى كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ

The exegetes have said that in this verse it is the Angels who descend upon the believers at the moment of their death and tell them not to be afraid. And how many times a day can we say that a believer dies? Every day, Angels thus descend to welcome the death of the believers, hence the complete form of the word « to descend » which is kept here to amplify the intensity of the context.

Whereas in Surah Al Qadr, here, it is a question of the Angels who descend during the Night of Al Qadr. How many times do they descend in that case? Once a year during this noble night. This is why the abbreviated form is used by Allah, to Him be the Glory, in this Surah Al Qadr.

Nothing is left to chance in the Word of Allah. It is one of the many orthographic miracles of the Quran.

Moreover, it is another precision that is noted by the scholars of tafsir in verse 4 of this surah.

The honour of a prestigious presence for the believers

The Angels are always mentioned with a verb of movement, such as « descend », « ascend », whereas that of the Spirit, Djibril, is always mentioned with a verb that designates his station in the heaven, immobility. The Angel Djibril thus descends to Earth only for the revelation. Moreover, even when the Spirit, Djibril, is evoked with the Angels in the same verse, he is always cited first to signify his rank in the sight of Allah, and with a verb of station once again.  

Surah 78 Verse 38 « The Day when the Spirit and the Angels will stand in rows… ».

He is associated with Immobility, but there in Surah Al Qadr, he descends with the Angels during the Night of Destiny because he is the Angel of the revelation of the Quran. It is an additional honour for the believers that the Angel Djibril descends to Earth during this noble night. This surah teaches us the honour that Allah does us each year by sending down, by His Permission, Djibril and the Angels with him.

« By the Permission of their Lord… » means that the Angels ask Allah's Permission to descend to meet the believers and greet them during the Night of Destiny.

The honour of a night of peace

« It is peace and greeting until the appearance of the dawn ». Verse 5

Mujahid, in his explanation of the surah, says that it is a night during which men do not engage in anything evil.

Ibn Kathir explains this verse by saying that the battalions of Angels spend the night travelling over the Earth to convey the Salam to the believers.

Some explanations on the word Qadr

 Several explanations are given for the meaning of the word Qadr, which gives its name to the surah.

Qadr means :

  1. Power because Laylatul Qadr is the night when the power of Allah to determine what He wills is sought
  2. Estimation, calculation, decree : Allah determines the benefits of His Servants for the year
  3. Honour, nobility, dignity because it is also called the night of great nobility
  4. Restriction, congestion because there is almost no more space on the Earth, so numerous are the Angels who descend. There is no more room this night for disputes, for evil.

It is a night of blessings that the believers of the whole Earth seek with fervour.

Surah AL-QADR English audio · 5 verses