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العلق

Surah AL-ALAQ / The Clot phonetic | Surah 96

AL-ALAQ · 19 verses

Bismi Allāhi Ar-Raĥmāni Ar-Raĥīmi

1 Aqra' Biāsmi Rabbika Al-Ladhī Khalaqa

2 Khalaqa Al-'Insāna Min `Alaqin

3 Aqra' Wa Rabbuka Al-'Akramu

4 Al-Ladhī `Allama Bil-Qalami

5 `Allama Al-'Insāna Mā Lam Ya`lam

6 Kallā 'Inna Al-'Insāna Layaţghá

7 'An Ra'āhu Astagh

8 'Inna 'Ilá Rabbika Ar-Ruj`á

9 'Ara'ayta Al-Ladhī Yanhá

10 `Abdāan 'Idhā Şallá

11 'Ara'ayta 'In Kāna `Alá Al-Hudá

12 'Aw 'Amara Bit-Taqwá

13 'Ara'ayta 'In Kadhaba Wa Tawallá

14 'Alam Ya`lam Bi'anna Allāha Yará

15 Kallā La'in Lam Yantahi Lanasfa`ā Bin-Nāşiyahi

16 Nāşiyatin Kādhibatin Khāţi'ahin

17 Falyad`u Nādiyah

18 Sanad`u Az-Zabāniyaha

19 Kallā Lā Tuţi`hu Wa Asjud Wāqtarib

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Tafsir

Verse 1

Recite, bring recitation into existence, beginning with: In the Name of your Lord Who created, all creatures;

Verse 2

created man (al-insān: the generic) from a blood-clot (‘alaq is the plural of ‘alaqa, which is a small quantity of congealing blood).

Verse 3

Recite: (reiterating the first one) and your Lord is the Most Generous, having no counterpart in terms of His generosity (wa-rabbuka’l-akram is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject [of the verb] iqra’, ‘recite’),

Verse 4

Who taught, [the art of] script, by the pen — the first to write with it was [the prophet] Enoch (Idrīs), peace be upon him —

Verse 5

taught man (al-insān: the generic) what he did not know, before he was taught, in the way of guidance, [the art of] writing, crafts and so on.

Verse 6

Nay, but verily man is [wont to be] rebellious,

Verse 7

when he sees it, that is to say, his own soul, to be self-sufficient, in terms of wealth — this was revealed regarding Abū Jahl (ra’ā, ‘sees’, means [to see] mentally; istaghnā, ‘self-sufficient’, is the second direct object; an ra’āhu, ‘when he sees it’, is an object denoting reason).

Verse 8

Surely to your Lord, O man, is the return — [meant as] a threat for him — and so He will requite the rebellious one with what he deserves.

Verse 9

Have you seen (a-ra’ayta in all three instances [here and below] is an exclamation of wonder) him, namely, Abū Jahl, who forbids

Verse 10

a servant, namely, Muhammad (s), when he prays?

Verse 11

Have you considered what if he, the one forbidden, should be upon [a path of] guidance,

Verse 12

or (aw is for division) be bidding [others] to fear of God?

Verse 13

Have you considered what if he, the one forbidding the Prophet, should be denying [God’s guidance] and turning away?, from faith.

Verse 14

Is he not aware that God sees?, what has issued from him, that is to say, He does [indeed] know it and will requite him for it. In other words, ‘Marvel, O you being addressed, at the way in which he forbids prayer, and at the fact that the one being forbidden is actually the one upon guidance, bidding to fear of God, while the one forbidding is a denier, disregarding faith’.

Verse 15

No indeed! — a repudiation of him — Assuredly if (la-in: the lām is for oaths) he does not desist, from the disbelief that he is upon, We shall seize him by the forelock, We shall drag him to the Fire by his forelock,

Verse 16

a lying, iniquitous forelock! (nāsiyatin: an indefinite noun substituting for a definite) — the description of this [forelock] in such terms is meant figuratively, and what is actually meant is that individual.

Verse 17

Let him, then, call upon [the henchmen of] his council, the members of his council (nādin) — a place of assembly where people gather to talk. He [Abū Jahl] had said to the Prophet (s) in reproof, having forbidden him from prayer, ‘You are well aware that there is none in this [town] who has [recourse to] as large a council [of men] as I do. Verily, I shall fill this [entire] valley with mature steeds and young men [in battle] against you if you so wish!’

Verse 18

We shall call the Zabāniya, the grim stern angels to destroy him, as [stated] in the hadīth, ‘Had he called his council [of henchmen] together, the Zabāniya would have seized him right before his own eyes!’.

Verse 19

No indeed! — a repudiation of him — Do not obey him, O Muhammad (s) and abandon prayer, and prostrate yourself, perform prayer to God, and draw near, to Him through obedience to Him.

About the surah AL-ALAQ / The Clot

Description of Surah Al Alaq

Surah Al Alaq is chapter number 96, which, with its 19 verses, is part of the Juz Amma. Being one of the shortest surahs of the Holy Quran, it is relatively quite easy to memorise. It is above all known for being the first surah revealed and it contains the first commandment to the Prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him, which he received while he was still in Mecca.

According to many scholars, Surah Al Alaq contains the first five verses of the first chapter revealed to the Prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Even though there are other opinions that would grant the place of the first revelation to Surah Mudathir or to Surah Fatiha, in the majority of cases it is Surah Al Alaq that is considered to be the one that Mohamed received first in Mecca.

He was indeed a man of highly regarded and respected human values among all his people, the Quraish, when he began to have more and more premonitory dreams, which he saw come true before his eyes during the day, as he himself related in a hadith reported by Aisha, the Mother of the Believers.

Then he began to prefer solitude and isolation, peace and blessings be upon him, and it is in this context that, in the cave of Hira, he received the first revelation of the Holy Quran, which consists of the first five verses of Surah Al Alaq. Indeed, the Angel Gibril (Gabriel) pressed his chest so hard that he had the impression of being suffocated and asked him to read, but the Prophet told him that he did not know how to read. Then he asked him what he should read. This was repeated three times before the Angel Gibril recited to him the first five verses of Surah Al Alaq. The Prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him, would say, according to one version, that « it was as if the verses were inscribed in his heart ».

He returned home, terrified, fearing for his life, peace and blessings be upon him, and his wife Khadija, Mother of the Believers, may Allah be pleased with her, comforted him by reminding him of the noble qualities that characterised him. She told him that God would assuredly not humiliate him but would raise him up, and she covered him with a blanket, so much was he trembling. She was the first person to believe in the divine Message and testified that Mohamed was the Messenger of Allah : Rasul Allah.

Explanation of Surah 96

Surah Al Alaq is the introduction of the Holy Quran to humanity. It is composed of a first commandment : Read!

For all those who resist the idea that the Message carried by the Prophet Mohamed is a divine revelation, it can be recalled that Arab society in Mecca was a society whose transmission was of oral tradition. The poetry and the moral values of that time were not read but memorised and were the affair of a few lettered men and women. It is the Quran that propelled the Arab world to one of the highest levels of education, from which even today the most sophisticated educational systems in the world are derived, issuing from the systems of learning and of rewards for the learning of the Quran : ijaza.

From the Manifestation of the Word of Allah, the Quran, were distributed sciences complementary to that of the understanding of the Quran : exegesis, the circumstances of revelation, jurisprudence, Arabic grammar etc.

The Prophet Mohamed was not versed in classical Arabic poetry and was illiterate.

When someone tells you to read, this cannot come from oneself. Someone who is known for not knowing how to read cannot order others to read while hoping to have credibility. The persons renowned for their poetry refused to listen and ordered those around them to plug their ears for fear of being bewitched, for the beauty and perfection of the Message of Allah left them speechless. The Quraish recognised that this could not come from Mohamed, known to be illiterate, but their ego prevented them from renouncing the worship of idols.

 Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him, was and remains the best example of humility. All the information that the human being perceives or transmits is of the order of three kinds of knowledge :

The knowledge of the senses

The knowledge of the intellect

The knowledge of the heart.

Revelation comes from that type of knowledge.

Surah Ash Shu’ara Verse 192-194 :

192 This (Quran) is indeed sent down by the Lord of the universe,

193 the faithful Spirit has descended with it

194 upon your heart, so that you may be one of the warners,

This first commandment « read! » brought the Muslims of that time out of a dark era into the light of the highest level of education there is, at the request of the Most High.

What subject does Surah Al Alaq deal with ?

There is a parallel to be drawn between the preceding surah At Tin and that of Surah 96 :

In the chapter At Tin, Allah deals more with faith, whereas in Surah Al Alaq it is more a question of deeds, of actions. One can notice the virtuous circle that exists between these two subjects : when one has faith, one multiplies good deeds in the search for the Satisfaction of Allah, and when one acts thus, one's faith increases.

In Surah At Tin the prophets are evoked in a general manner, whereas in Surah Al Alaq Allah addresses Mohamed, peace and blessings be upon him.

When Allah speaks of the creation of the human being in a general manner in At Tin, in Surah Al Alaq Allah speaks of creation in a more detailed manner.

     

 

Surah AL-ALAQ Phonetic listening · 19 verses